vip
Not medical advice. PepTutor summarizes fallible research and community signal for trained practitioners; some compounds are research-only, unapproved, controlled, jurisdiction-dependent, or labeled not for human consumption.
VIP is mainly a neuroimmune repair tool: strongest for late-stage CIRS/mold illness protocols where low VIP, high inflammatory biomarkers, and persistent cognitive/fatigue symptoms remain after the earlier cleanup steps.
VIP is low-androgenic and generally low-toxicity, but it is not low-complexity. In CIRS it belongs at the end of a sequenced protocol with first-dose observation and biomarker checks, not as a standalone anti-inflammatory spray.
VIP is mainly a neuroimmune repair tool: strongest for late-stage CIRS/mold illness protocols where low VIP, high inflammatory biomarkers, and persistent cognitive/fatigue symptoms remain after the earlier cleanup steps. Outside that lane, the use case is narrower: immune regulation, gut-motility/IBD hypothesis work, pulmonary vascular research, and community immune-support experiments rather than a general wellness peptide.
Wrong context is the main risk: active exposure, unresolved MARCoNS, failed VCS, abnormal lipase, or incomplete biomarker cleanup can mean no benefit or symptom worsening. Ordinary side effects are usually mild nasal irritation, headache, flushing, dizziness, palpitations, or irritability.
Highest value is late-stage CIRS use with low VIP, persistent biomarkers, completed prerequisite steps, and first-dose observation. Outside that lane, it is a fragile, specialist neuroimmune experiment rather than a general wellness peptide.
Strongest for CIRS biomarker and symptom normalization after the protocol prerequisites are complete; speculative for standalone immune support, IBD, pulmonary vascular work, or general longevity use.
Do not use VIP while still in a water-damaged building, with active MARCoNS colonization, or before the prior CIRS protocol steps are complete. In those contexts it consumes money and signal quality while leaving the driver of illness untouched.
Intro
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) is an endogenous 28-amino acid neuropeptide broadly distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems, GI tract, lungs, and immune tissue.
It is produced in enteric neurons, hypothalamic nuclei (particularly the suprachiasmatic nucleus), respiratory mucosa, and pancreatic tissue. VIP functions as both a neurotransmitter and an immunomodulatory hormone — it is one of the body's primary endogenous anti-inflammatory signaling molecules.
VIP acts through two G-protein coupled receptors (class B GPCRs): VPAC1 and VPAC2. Both activate adenylyl cyclase (cAMP pathway), which drives downstream immune regulation. VPAC1 is broadly expressed across the GI tract, lung, liver, and CNS. VPAC2 is more restricted, enriched in lymphoid tissue, hypothalamus, and pancreatic islets — it is the primary receptor mediating VIP's anti-inflammatory effects on T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells.
In clinical use, VIP is most established as Step 12 (the final step) of Dr. Ritchie Shoemaker's Chronic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (CIRS) protocol. CIRS is a multisystem, multi-symptom illness triggered by exposure to water-damaged buildings and their biotoxins. Approximately 91% of CIRS patients have low VIP levels (<25 pg/mL), alongside low MSH (melanocyte stimulating hormone) and elevated TGF-β1 — a triad at the core of advanced CIRS pathology. Restoring VIP levels through intranasal administration is the final corrective step after the underlying biotoxin burden and secondary co-infections have been addressed.
Beyond CIRS, VIP (as aviptadil, its synthetic pharmaceutical form) has been investigated in pulmonary arterial hypertension, IBD, and COVID-19-associated respiratory failure. It has attracted interest in biohacking communities for immune optimization and longevity applications, though this evidence base is primarily mechanistic and case-report level.
Observed Effects
CIRS biomarker normalization: In Shoemaker's 2013 observational study (n=119 CIRS patients), intranasal VIP (50 mcg 4x daily) normalized TGF-β1, C4a, MMP-9, and VEGF — inflammatory biomarkers that had remained abnormal after all prior protocol steps. MSH levels increased. PASP (pulmonary artery systolic pressure) normalized in patients with baseline elevation. Clinical symptoms improved significantly.
Brain grey matter volume restoration: Shoemaker's 2017 neuroimaging study demonstrated that CIRS patients had excess grey matter nuclear volume loss on NeuroQuant MRI compared to healthy controls. Three months of intranasal VIP (50 mcg 4x daily) restored cortical volumes and partially restored caudate and thalamic volumes. Cognitive improvements in memory, processing speed, and word finding correlated with volumetric recovery.
Immune modulation: VIP suppresses pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, nitric oxide) from macrophages and dendritic cells, promotes anti-inflammatory IL-10, and induces regulatory T cells (Tregs). This shifts the immune milieu from Th1/Th17 pro-inflammatory dominance toward regulatory tolerance. Clinical relevance: CIRS is characterized by chronic Th1/Th17 hyperactivation and impaired immune resolution — VIP addresses this directly.
Pulmonary vasodilation: Inhaled VIP (aviptadil) reduced pulmonary vascular resistance >20% in 6 of 20 PAH patients in a clinical study, with improved stroke volume and venous oxygen saturation and no systemic hypotension. Effect was transient (~30-60 minutes per dose). VIP knockout mice develop spontaneous PAH, establishing the causal role of endogenous VIP in maintaining pulmonary vascular homeostasis.
Anti-inflammatory/COVID-19: An RCT of IV aviptadil in COVID-19 respiratory failure (n=~200, Lancet RM 2023) was negative on the primary endpoint (alive and free from respiratory failure at day 60) but showed a significant secondary survival benefit at 60 days, potentially reflecting VIP's anti-cytokine-storm properties.
Gut motility and IBD: VIP mediates NANC (non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic) inhibitory neurotransmission in the enteric nervous system, regulating intestinal smooth muscle relaxation and peristalsis. VIP treatment significantly reduced inflammatory scores and cytokine production in Crohn's disease models. Potential therapeutic interest for IBD — human trial data are not yet available.
Community immune-support use: Non-CIRS self-experimenter reports describe subcutaneous VIP as a preventive immune-support tool during travel, overtraining, or high-stress periods. This lane is much weaker than the CIRS evidence: it is community experience plus mechanism, not controlled clinical validation.
Field Reports
CIRS patient accounts of VIP are highly consistent in structure: years of systemic illness, partial improvement through steps 1-11, and then a qualitatively distinct change at Step 12.
The brain fog, fatigue, and inflammatory burden that persisted through cholestyramine, MARCoNS treatment, MSH optimization, and other prior steps yields — over 2-4 weeks — to cognitive clarity, reduced pain, and restored sleep architecture.
The most meaningful patient experience reports emphasize the importance of the neuroimaging finding: CIRS patients who had NeuroQuant MRI showing grey matter nuclear volume loss sometimes describe looking at post-VIP scans 3 months later and seeing measurable volumetric restoration. This objective confirmation has high psychological significance for patients who were told their illness was psychosomatic.
Negative experience reports in the community cluster almost uniformly around protocol violations: someone who went to VIP without completing prior steps, or whose mold exposure was not fully addressed. These users report no effect or symptom worsening and assume VIP doesn't work for them — experienced community members typically identify the sequencing failure.
Biohacker community experiences with VIP for non-CIRS immune applications are more varied and anecdotal. Positive reports cluster around reduced illness frequency and faster recovery from respiratory infections, especially during travel or heavy stress. The dosing and cycling protocols in this population are less systematized than the Shoemaker Protocol.
Community Consensus
In the CIRS/biotoxin illness community, VIP is treated as a final-step compound rather than a general anti-inflammatory.
The positive consensus is strong but conditional: people who reach Step 12 and respond often describe cognitive, fatigue, sleep, and inflammatory improvements that felt different from earlier cleanup steps.
The community is unusually strict about sequencing. The common consensus is not simply "VIP works"; it is "VIP works when the upstream drivers have been removed." Active exposure, unresolved MARCoNS, failed VCS, abnormal lipase, or skipped protocol steps are treated as the most likely explanations for non-response.
Outside CIRS, the community posture is more experimental. Self-experimenters use VIP for travel, high-stress immune support, respiratory resilience, and broader neuroimmune modulation, but this lane is less standardized than the intranasal CIRS protocol. Subcutaneous use is generally framed as systemic immune support, while intranasal use is preferred when the target is CNS/hypothalamic signaling.
Regulatory pressure on compounded VIP is a real practical concern. Patients who rely on prescription compounding worry about access, while gray-market availability creates a separate quality problem: degraded peptide, concentration mismatch, and uncertain storage history become part of the risk profile.
Risks & Monitoring
Transient local effects (intranasal — common, mild): Minor nasal mucosal irritation resolving spontaneously within one week of cessation.
Occasional mild sneezing or nasal congestion during first week of use. These effects were documented in a dedicated intranasal safety study and are consistent with topical peptide administration.
Systemic side effects (intranasal dosing — uncommon, transient): Headache, dizziness, palpitations, and irritability have been reported in a subset of CIRS patients on VIP nasal spray. Shoemaker's 10,000+ patient real-world series characterizes these as transient and self-resolving without intervention. No serious adverse events reported in this population at 50-200 mcg/day intranasal.
Paradoxical worsening in CIRS (protocol violation): The most significant adverse outcome is not a direct drug toxicity — it is using VIP prematurely, before completing the required prior protocol steps. Patients with ongoing mold exposure, active MARCoNS colonization, or incomplete biomarker correction who receive VIP may experience symptom worsening or persistent non-response. This is a protocol failure, not a VIP side effect, but it is the most common reported negative outcome in CIRS communities.
Flushing (subcutaneous or IV administration): More common with parenteral routes. Transient facial flushing attributable to VIP's vasodilatory mechanism. Not clinically dangerous at therapeutic doses; more pronounced at higher IV doses.
Cardiovascular (IV high-dose — clinical context only): IV infusion at doses used in COVID and PAH clinical trials can cause transient blood pressure reductions. At intranasal doses, cardiovascular effects are not clinically significant — intranasal VIP achieves mucosal and CNS tissue concentrations without meaningful systemic cardiovascular exposure.
Formulation quality risk (gray-market sourcing): Compounded VIP from unlicensed or low-quality sources may have degraded peptide (VIP is unstable at room temperature and light-sensitive), incorrect concentration, or contamination. This is a sourcing risk, not an intrinsic drug risk, but it is relevant in the biohacker context.
FDA regulatory risk to access: The FDA has proposed removing VIP from the 503B bulks list for compounding, which would substantially restrict legal access to compounded VIP in the US. This affects prescription-compounding access and leaves non-regulated supply as a separate quality-risk problem.
For Women
Monitoring Panels
REQUIRED is a real safety gate. RECOMMENDED is the prudent default. OPTIONAL covers symptoms, risk factors, or tighter tracking.
Establish baseline VIP level before initiating treatment. VIP <25 pg/mL is consistent with CIRS-associated deficiency. Confirms deficiency as the therapeutic target. Repeat at 4-8 weeks to confirm restoration toward normal range (>25 pg/mL).
TGF-β1 elevation is a core CIRS biomarker that VIP is specifically intended to normalize. Draw before first VIP spray AND 15 minutes after first spray (per Shoemaker Protocol — confirms no paradoxical response). Repeat at 4-8 weeks to track normalization.
C4a elevation (>2830 ng/mL) is a central CIRS inflammatory marker. Should be normalized by prior Shoemaker Protocol steps before VIP is introduced. Confirmed normalization of C4a is part of assessing whether prior steps were completed adequately.
Low MSH (<35 pg/mL) frequently co-occurs with low VIP in advanced CIRS. MSH normalization is a treatment goal — VIP administration should increase MSH levels. Baseline establishes the starting point.
Elevated MMP-9 in CIRS reflects ongoing inflammatory tissue remodeling. VIP treatment reduces MMP-9. Baseline confirms this is still elevated at Step 12 entry and tracks treatment response.
VEGF elevation in CIRS reflects vascular dysregulation. VIP normalizes VEGF. Mid-treatment re-check at 6-8 weeks confirms the compound is producing the expected biomarker effects.
MARCoNS (Multiple Antibiotic Resistant Coagulase Negative Staphylococci) must be eradicated before VIP is initiated. Positive MARCoNS culture is an absolute prerequisite to completing prior Shoemaker Protocol steps, and VIP will not be effective with active MARCoNS.
Avoid With
Do not combine vip with the following. Sorted highest-severity first.
Why:VIP restores neuroimmune regulation that has been disrupted by ongoing biotoxin exposure. If the patient is still in an exposed environment, the biotoxin signal continues to drive the same dysregulation that VIP is trying to correct — VIP cannot overcome the active exposure. The protocol sequence exists precisely because each step must be resolved before the next will work.
What to do:This is not a drug-drug interaction — it is a protocol sequencing requirement. Attempting VIP Step 12 before Step 1 (removal from exposure) produces no benefit and wastes the compound. In CIRS patient communities, skipping steps is the most commonly reported reason for VIP failure.
Why:MARCoNS (coagulase-negative staph) produce exotoxins A and B that inhibit MSH synthesis in the hypothalamus. Low MSH drives low VIP production. VIP supplementation cannot overcome ongoing MARCoNS suppression of the MSH pathway — the colonization must be eradicated first.
What to do:MARCoNS eradication is Step 6 of the Shoemaker Protocol, preceding VIP at Step 12. Confirm negative MARCoNS culture before initiating VIP.
Why:IV VIP at clinical doses causes vasodilation and can reduce blood pressure. In patients on antihypertensive medications or vasoactive drugs, additive blood pressure lowering is possible. At intranasal doses (50-200 mcg/day), clinically significant cardiovascular effects are not expected — this is primarily relevant for IV administration in clinical settings.
What to do:For intranasal use at standard CIRS or biohacker doses, this is not a practical concern. Monitor blood pressure if combining parenteral VIP with antihypertensive therapy.
Protocols By Goal
Must complete Steps 1-11 before VIP. Prerequisites: out of exposure, MARCoNS negative, VCS passing, normal lipase. Monitor TGF-β1, C4a, MSH, VIP level. Response expected 2-4 weeks symptom improvement, 4-12 weeks biomarker normalization.
Do not self-administer inhaled aviptadil without medical oversight — pulmonary hemodynamic effects require monitoring. CIRS-associated PASP elevation normalizes as part of the complete VIP CIRS protocol.
Not a substitution for prior CIRS treatment steps. Biohacker use based primarily on community experience and mechanistic rationale. Baseline VIP level useful to establish whether true deficiency exists.
Dosing Details
Shoemaker Protocol CIRS (Standard): - Month 1: 50 mcg (1 spray) into each nostril alternating, 4 times daily (total: 200 mcg/day) - Month 2: May increase to 100 mcg (2 sprays) per nostril alternating, 4 times daily (total: 400 mcg/day) if Month 1 is tolerated and biomarker response is incomplete - First dose: must be administered in-office with physician present; TGF-β1 and C4a drawn before and 15 minutes after first spray to rule out paradoxical response - Duration: typically 2-4 months of sustained use; ongoing maintenance in some cases
Subcutaneous injection (biohacker/immune optimization): - 50 mcg subcutaneous injection AM and PM (100 mcg/day total) - Cycled 8 weeks on / 8 weeks off - Reconstitute with pharmacy-directed diluent; store at 2-8°C - No physician prerequisite for biohacker use but baseline VIP level is useful
Timing: - Intranasal: spread across the day (every 4-6 hours) due to VIP's short half-life and mucosal clearance - SubQ: AM and PM injections for consistent daily receptor engagement
Prerequisites for CIRS protocol use (all must be met before starting VIP): 1. Patient is out of mold exposure (water-damaged building exposure must have ended) 2. MARCoNS nasal culture is negative 3. VCS (visual contrast sensitivity) test passes 4. Lipase is normal 5. All prior Shoemaker Protocol steps (1-11) have been addressed
Stacks & Alternatives
BPC-157 and VIP complement each other as anti-inflammatory peptides with different mechanisms — BPC-157 acts peripherally at injury sites and the gut wall; VIP acts centrally via neuroimmune modulation. Combined use in gut healing protocols is reported in functional medicine contexts.
KPV (alpha-MSH fragment) and VIP both operate in the neuroimmune axis. KPV acts at MC1R receptors; VIP acts at VPAC receptors. Both suppress pro-inflammatory cytokines via different pathways. Functional medicine practitioners sometimes combine them for CIRS resolution.
Thymosin Alpha-1 modulates T cell activity (particularly regulatory T cells) and enhances immune surveillance. Combined with VIP's Treg-inducing and anti-inflammatory effects, the two address immune dysregulation from complementary angles — TA-1 restoring T cell function, VIP normalizing cytokine balance.
Selank is an anxiolytic neuropeptide with immune-modulating properties (IL-6 regulation, enkephalin potentiation). CIRS patients frequently have neurological symptoms including anxiety and cognitive fog. VIP addresses the neuroimmune root; Selank may address cognitive and anxiety symptoms concurrently.
Alternatives
Stack Cost
VIP is moderate stack tax: the compound is not androgenic or broadly organ-toxic, but correct use depends on protocol sequencing, CIRS biomarker readiness, cold-chain handling, route choice, and source quality.
The article's strongest use case requires VIP level, TGF-β1, C4a, MSH, MMP-9, VEGF, MARCoNS status, VCS, lipase, and first-dose pre/post biomarker checks. That is more monitoring than a casual immune peptide, even though the intrinsic toxicity profile is mild.
stackingConflicts treats active mold exposure, incomplete prior CIRS steps, and active MARCoNS as hard stop conditions. VIP can fail or worsen symptoms when used before the upstream driver has been removed.
practicalitiesSummary and adverseEffects describe VIP as a fragile peptide requiring refrigeration, light protection, use within 30 days after preparation, and meaningful quality differences between licensed compounding and gray-market supply.
Intranasal CIRS dosing is not framed as clinically hypotensive, but IV or inhaled aviptadil contexts can produce vasodilation and require medical monitoring. The tax rises when users leave the intranasal CIRS lane.
CIRS Step 12 has observational biomarker and neuroimaging support, while immune-optimization and gut-healing uses rely more on mechanism, preclinical data, and community experience.
- ·Do not spend VIP stack capacity until active exposure, MARCoNS, failed VCS, abnormal lipase, and prior CIRS protocol gaps have been addressed.
- ·Treat first-dose observation and pre/post TGF-β1 and C4a checks as part of the protocol, not optional polish, when using VIP for CIRS.
- ·Do not stack multiple new immune peptides at initiation; VIP response is easiest to interpret when biomarkers and symptoms can be attributed cleanly.
- ·For non-CIRS immune-support use, keep the claim modest: this is a mechanistic/community lane, not a validated disease-treatment protocol.
- ·Escalate route-risk thinking for inhaled, IV, or parenteral contexts, especially with antihypertensives, vasoactive drugs, pulmonary disease, or unstable cardiovascular status.
- ·CIRS readiness checklist: exposure removed, MARCoNS negative, VCS passing, lipase normal, and prior protocol steps documented.
- ·Baseline and follow-up CIRS biomarker panel: VIP, TGF-β1, C4a, MSH, MMP-9, VEGF.
- ·First-dose observation workflow with TGF-β1 and C4a drawn before and 15 minutes after first intranasal dose.
- ·Cold-chain and pharmacy-directed handling workflow.
- ·Quality review for concentration accuracy, regulated-compounding status, storage history, and degradation risk.
VIP is not beginner-hostile because it lacks androgenic suppression, virilization, hepatic strain, or durable endocrine crash risk. It is still intermediate because the correct CIRS use case requires sequencing, labs, cold-chain handling, and first-dose observation; casual users can easily misapply it and misread failure.
Practical Setup
The sequencing requirement is non-negotiable: Patients attempting VIP outside the Shoemaker Protocol framework — or before completing Steps 1-11 — should understand they are operating outside the evidence base.
The compound has not been tested as a standalone immune modulator in CIRS; the evidence base is specifically for Step 12 use after prior steps are complete.
First-dose office protocol: Shoemaker recommends that the first dose of VIP be administered under physician observation, with TGF-β1 and C4a drawn before and 15 minutes after. A paradoxical elevation is possible and indicates the patient was not ready for VIP (prior steps incomplete). This is a safety and efficacy screening step.
Refrigeration and stability: VIP is temperature-sensitive. Prepared intranasal VIP is temperature-sensitive and should be handled according to pharmacy or clinician instructions; heat, light, and poor handling can degrade the peptide.
Sourcing decision: Licensed compounding pharmacy VIP is quality-verified, pharmacist-supervised, and prescription-traceable. Non-regulated VIP carries degradation, concentration-accuracy, and contamination risk. For CIRS patients using VIP therapeutically, regulated clinical oversight is strongly preferred.
Monitor the FDA regulatory situation: Access to compounded VIP in the US is under active regulatory pressure. The 503B bulks list decision is ongoing. Patients who depend on VIP for CIRS management should verify the current compounding status through clinician and regulatory updates before committing to a protocol.
Biomarkers to track: VIP level, TGF-β1, C4a, MSH, MMP-9, VEGF (CIRS panel). Consider NeuroQuant MRI for advanced CIRS patients with documented cognitive symptoms — provides the most objective marker of treatment response.
Mechanism Deep Dive
VPAC1/VPAC2 receptor signaling: VIP binds VPAC1 and VPAC2 with equivalent affinity. Both are class B G-protein coupled receptors that activate Gs proteins, elevating intracellular cAMP via adenylyl cyclase.
cAMP-PKA signaling drives VIP's downstream effects on immune cells, smooth muscle, and neurons. VPAC1 additionally interacts with RAMP2 accessory proteins to activate IP3 signaling (calcium-dependent pathway). VPAC2 is the primary immune-regulatory receptor — it is the key mediator of T cell modulation, macrophage suppression, and Treg induction.
Anti-inflammatory mechanism: VPAC2 activation on macrophages and dendritic cells inhibits NF-κB signaling, reducing production of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, and nitric oxide. Simultaneously, VIP promotes IL-10 production (anti-inflammatory master regulator) and drives differentiation of naive T cells toward the regulatory T cell (Treg) phenotype, suppressing Th1 and Th17 inflammatory responses. This constitutes a shift from pro-inflammatory to tolerogenic immune states.
Gut motility — NANC neurotransmission: In the enteric nervous system, VIP is released from inhibitory motor neurons in the myenteric and submucosal plexus. It mediates non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic (NANC) smooth muscle relaxation via VPAC receptor-cAMP signaling. This is essential for coordinating the descending relaxation phase of peristalsis. VIP also drives Cl- and water secretion into the intestinal lumen via cAMP in enterocytes — relevant to secretory diarrhea in VIP-secreting tumors (VIPomas), and to the therapeutic value of VIP in motility disorders.
Pulmonary vasodilation: VIP activates VPAC1 and VPAC2 on pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells, elevating cAMP and causing smooth muscle relaxation. This selective pulmonary vasodilation is relevant to PAH, where VIP is deficient in patient plasma and VIP knockout mice develop spontaneous PAH. The vasodilatory effect does not significantly reduce systemic blood pressure at therapeutic intranasal doses.
CIRS biomarker normalization: In CIRS, the biotoxin pathway suppresses VIP (and MSH) production while driving TGF-β1, C4a, MMP-9, and VEGF elevation. Restoring VIP levels reactivates the regulatory neuroimmune circuit — specifically re-engaging Treg induction, IL-10 promotion, and TGF-β1 downregulation. The brain grey matter volume restoration may reflect reversal of neuroinflammatory atrophy once the inflammatory signaling is controlled.
Intranasal pharmacokinetics: IV VIP has a plasma half-life of ~2-3 minutes due to rapid peptidase degradation. Intranasal delivery bypasses systemic degradation, delivering VIP directly to nasal mucosal and olfactory epithelium targets, and achieving hypothalamic/hippocampal tissue concentrations 10-15x higher than equivalent subcutaneous doses — without meaningful systemic cardiovascular exposure.
Evidence Index
Quantitative claims trace to these source studies. Population, dose, and study type matter — claims from HIV-lipodystrophy trials don't transfer cleanly to healthy adults; data from supraphysiologic doses doesn't apply at TRT.
VIP corrected TGF-β1, C4a, MMP-9, VEGF, and increased MSH in CIRS patients after completing prior protocol steps
Shoemaker 2013. No control group; single author; observational. Foundational evidence base for CIRS use. Not an RCT. Biomarker endpoints are objective; clinical endpoints partially subjective.
Grey matter nuclear volume restored on NeuroQuant MRI after 3 months intranasal VIP; correlated with cognitive improvement
Shoemaker 2017 VIP neuroimaging study. Objective NeuroQuant MRI volumetrics. Same single-author, no-control-group limitation as the 2013 paper. Cortical restoration strongest; caudate/thalamus partial.
Inhaled VIP reduced pulmonary vascular resistance >20% in 6/20 PAH patients; VIP deficient in PAH patient plasma
Small clinical study. PVR reduction is a clinically meaningful hemodynamic endpoint. Response rate (6/20) indicates partial responder population. Effect was transient.
IV aviptadil: negative on primary COVID endpoint (alive and free from respiratory failure at day 60); significant secondary survival benefit at day 60
Lancet Respiratory Medicine 2023. Negative on primary endpoint — VIP is not a proven COVID treatment. Secondary survival benefit requires cautious interpretation (not pre-specified primary). IV dosing achieves systemic exposure not comparable to intranasal self-administration.
VIP deficient (<25 pg/mL) in approximately 91% of CIRS patients
Shoemaker-reported statistic from his patient population. No independent replication. Consistent with VIP's role in the CIRS biotoxin pathway. Supports VIP testing as a diagnostic step.
Not medical advice. PepTutor summarizes fallible research and community signal for trained practitioners; some compounds are research-only, unapproved, controlled, jurisdiction-dependent, or labeled not for human consumption.